Material Behavior

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Material Behavior

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Description

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About this course: Have you ever wondered why ceramics are hard and brittle while metals tend to be ductile? Why some materials conduct heat or electricity while others are insulators? Why adding just a small amount of carbon to iron results in an alloy that is so much stronger than the base metal? In this course, you will learn how a material’s properties are determined by the microstructure of the material, which is in turn determined by composition and the processing that the material has undergone. This is the first of three Coursera courses that mirror the Introduction to Materials Science class that is taken by most engineering undergrads at Georgia Tech. The aim of the course is …

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When you enroll for courses through Coursera you get to choose for a paid plan or for a free plan

  • Free plan: No certicification and/or audit only. You will have access to all course materials except graded items.
  • Paid plan: Commit to earning a Certificate—it's a trusted, shareable way to showcase your new skills.

About this course: Have you ever wondered why ceramics are hard and brittle while metals tend to be ductile? Why some materials conduct heat or electricity while others are insulators? Why adding just a small amount of carbon to iron results in an alloy that is so much stronger than the base metal? In this course, you will learn how a material’s properties are determined by the microstructure of the material, which is in turn determined by composition and the processing that the material has undergone. This is the first of three Coursera courses that mirror the Introduction to Materials Science class that is taken by most engineering undergrads at Georgia Tech. The aim of the course is to help students better understand the engineering materials that are used in the world around them. This first section covers the fundamentals of materials science including atomic structure and bonding, crystal structure, atomic and microscopic defects, and noncrystalline materials such as glasses, rubbers, and polymers.

Created by:  Georgia Institute of Technology
  • Taught by:  Thomas H. Sanders, Jr., Regents' Professor

    School of Materials Science and Engineering
Language English How To Pass Pass all graded assignments to complete the course. User Ratings 4.6 stars Average User Rating 4.6See what learners said Coursework

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Georgia Institute of Technology The Georgia Institute of Technology is one of the nation's top research universities, distinguished by its commitment to improving the human condition through advanced science and technology. Georgia Tech's campus occupies 400 acres in the heart of the city of Atlanta, where more than 20,000 undergraduate and graduate students receive a focused, technologically based education.

Syllabus


WEEK 1


Introduction [Difficulty: Easy || Student Effort: 1hr 30mins]



This module will introduce the core principles of materials science. Topics that will be covered include the different general material types (metal, ceramic, polymer, etc.) and the properties associated with each type, some methods that are used to experimentally determine and quantify a material's properties, and how a materials engineer might go about choosing a suitable material for a simple application. This module also introduces the concept of the microstructure-processing-properties relationship which is at the heart of all materials science.


14 videos, 4 readings expand


  1. Reading: Learning Outcomes
  2. Reading: Consent Form
  3. Video: 1.1 Introduction
  4. Video: 1.2 Metals
  5. Video: 1.3 Ceramics
  6. Video: 1.4 Polymers
  7. Video: 1.5 Semiconductors
  8. Video: 1.6 Composites
  9. Video: 1.7 Correlated Properties
  10. Video: 1.8 Materials Design Paradigm
  11. Video: 1.9 Application to Product Design
  12. Video: 1.10A Mechanical Tests Part 1
  13. Video: 1.10B Mechanical Tests Part 2
  14. Video: 1.10C Mechanical Tests Part 3
  15. Video: 1.10D Mechanical Tests Part 4
  16. Video: 1.11 Conclusion
  17. Reading: Supplemental Materials for this Module
  18. Reading: Get from Georgia Tech

Graded: Quiz 1.1 (Lectures 1.1 - 1.5)
Graded: Quiz 1.2 (Lectures 1.6 - 1.10)

WEEK 2


Atomic Structure and Bonding [Difficulty: Easy || Student Effort: 2hrs]



In this module, we will discuss the structure of the atom, how atoms interact with each other, and how those interactions affect material properties. We will explore how the types of atoms present in a material determine what kind of bonding occurs, what differentiates the three types of primary bonds - metallic, ionic, and covalent, and the implications of the type of bonding on the material microstructure. You will learn how atoms arrange themselves as a natural result of their size and bonding. This knowledge will provide you with a foundation for understanding the relationship between a material's microstructure and its properties.


18 videos, 3 readings expand


  1. Reading: Learning Outcomes
  2. Video: 2.1 Introduction
  3. Video: 2.2 Atomic Structure
  4. Video: 2.3 Periodic Chart and Electron Orbitals
  5. Video: 2.4 Modification for Atoms & Crystals
  6. Video: 2.5 Primary Bonds
  7. Video: 2.6A Ionic Bonds Part 1
  8. Video: 2.6B Ionic Bonds Part 2
  9. Video: 2.6C Ionic Bonds Part 3
  10. Video: 2.7A Radius Ratio & Coordination Number Part 1
  11. Video: 2.7B Radius Ratio & Coordination Number Part 2
  12. Video: 2.7C Radius Ratio & Coordination Number Part 3
  13. Video: 2.8 Covalent Bonds
  14. Video: 2.9 Mixed Bonds
  15. Video: 2.10 Weak Bonds
  16. Video: 2.11A Basic Thermodynamics Part 1
  17. Video: 2.11B Basic Thermodynamics Part 2
  18. Video: 2.12 Basic Kinetics
  19. Video: 2.13 Conclusion
  20. Reading: Supplemental Materials for this Module
  21. Reading: Earn a Georgia Tech Badge/Certificate/CEUs

Graded: Quiz 2.1 (Lectures 2.1 - 2.5)
Graded: Quiz 2.2 (Lectures 2.6 - 2.9)
Graded: Quiz 2.3 (Lectures 2.10 - 2.11)
Graded: Quiz 2.4 (All Module 2 Lectures)

WEEK 3


Crystalline Structure [Level of Difficulty: Medium || Student Effort: 2hrs 30mins]



This module covers how atoms are arranged in crystalline materials. Many of the materials that we deal with on a daily basis are crystalline, meaning that they are made up of a regularly repeating array of atoms. The "building block" of a crystal, which is called the Bravais lattice, dtermines some of the physical properties of a material. An understanding of these crystallographic principles will be vital to discussions of defects and diffusion, which are covered in the next module.


21 videos, 2 readings expand


  1. Reading: Learning Outcomes
  2. Video: 3.1 Introduction
  3. Video: 3.2 Symmetry
  4. Video: 3.3 2-Dimensional Symmetry
  5. Video: 3.4 2-Dimensional Symmetry - Lattice and Basis
  6. Video: 3.5 Crystal Systems and Bravais Lattices
  7. Video: 3.6 Why the Bravais Lattice?
  8. Video: 3.7 FCC Hard Sphere Model
  9. Video: 3.8 BCC Hard Sphere Model
  10. Video: 3.9 Calculating Density
  11. Video: 3.10 Hard Sphere Packing
  12. Video: 3.11 Hard Sphere Packing - Visualization
  13. Video: 3.12 Miller Indices - Directions
  14. Video: 3.13 Miller Indices - Planes
  15. Video: 3.14 Miller Indices - Additional Planes of Interest
  16. Video: 3.15 Linear and Planar Densities
  17. Video: 3.16 Crystals with 2 Atoms per Lattice Point
  18. Video: 3.17 Crystals with 2 Ions or 2 Different Atoms per Lattice Point
  19. Video: 3.18 Crystals with Several Atoms per Lattice Point
  20. Video: 3.19 Polycrystalline Materials and Liquid Crystals
  21. Video: 3.20 X-Ray Diffraction and Crystal Structure
  22. Video: 3.21 Summary
  23. Reading: Supplemental Materials for this Module

Graded: Quiz 3.1 (Lectures 3.1 - 3.6)
Graded: Quiz 3.2 (Lectures 3.7 - 3.12)
Graded: Quiz 3.3 (Lectures 3.13 - 3.16)
Graded: Quiz 3.4 (Lectures 3.17 - 3.20)

WEEK 4


Point Defects and Diffusion [Level of Difficulty: Medium || Student Effort: 2hrs 30mins]



In the previous module, we learned how the lattice structure of a crystalline material in part determines the properties of that material. In this module, we will begin to learn how defects - deviations from the expected microstructure - also have a large effect on properties. This module covers one-dimensional, or point, defects which can be missing atoms (vacancies) or excess atoms (interstitial solution) or the wrong type of atom at a lattice point (substitutional solution). Building on these concepts, part of this module will cover diffusion - the movement of atoms through the crystal structure.


19 videos, 2 readings expand


  1. Reading: Learning Outcomes
  2. Video: 4.1 Introduction
  3. Video: 4.2 Point Defects
  4. Video: 4.3 Point Defects in Ionic and Covalent Materials
  5. Video: 4.4 Substitutional Solid Solutions
  6. Video: 4.5 Solid Solutions - Vegard's Law
  7. Video: 4.6 Fick's First Law
  8. Video: 4.7 Self Diffusion
  9. Video: 4.8 Interstitial Solid Solutions
  10. Video: 4.9 Discussion Question
  11. Video: 4.10 Grain Boundary Effects
  12. Video: 4.11 Grain Boundaries as Short Circuit Paths
  13. Video: 4.12 Diffusion in Polymers
  14. Video: 4.13 Fick's Second Law - The Thin Film Solution
  15. Video: 4.14 Fick's Second Law - Modifications to the Thin Film Solution
  16. Video: 4.15 Case Hardening a Gear
  17. Video: 4.16 Case Hardening a Gear - Example Problem
  18. Video: 4.17 Development of a Useful Approximation
  19. Video: 4.18 Appllication to Engineering Materials
  20. Video: 4.19 Summary
  21. Reading: Supplemental Materials for this Module

Graded: Quiz 4.1 (Lectures 4.1 - 4.6)
Graded: Quiz 4.2 (Lectures 4.7 - 4.12)
Graded: Quiz 4.3 (All Module 4 Lectures)

WEEK 5


Linear, Planar, and Volumetric Defects [Level of Difficulty: Medium || Student Effort: 2hrs 40mins]



This module covers two- and three-dimensional defects such as dislocations, grain boundaries, and precipitates. The discussion extends to explain how deformation of a material is accommodated at the microscopic level. We will finish by addressing how the presence and properties of defects can increase or decrease the strength of a material.


23 videos, 2 readings expand


  1. Reading: Learning Outcomes
  2. Video: 5.1 Introduction
  3. Video: 5.2 Normal and Shear Forces
  4. Video: 5.3 Edge Dislocations
  5. Video: 5.4 Dislocations and the Burgers Vector
  6. Video: 5.5 Critical Resolved Shear Stress
  7. Video: 5.6 Burgers Vector and Slip Planes
  8. Video: 5.7 Slip Systems in FCC Crystals
  9. Video: 5.8 Possible Slip in FCC Crystals
  10. Video: 5.9 Calculations in an FCC Crystal
  11. Video: 5.10 The Thompson Tetrahedron
  12. Video: 5.11 Dislocations in Action
  13. Video: 5.12 Calculations in a BCC Crystal
  14. Video: 5.13 Slip in Hexagonal Systems
  15. Video: 5.14 Application to Polycrystalline Materials
  16. Video: 5.15 Dislocation Boundaries - Low Angle Boundaries
  17. Video: 5.16 Dislocation Behavior
  18. Video: 5.17 Dislocations in Ionic Materials
  19. Video: 5.18 Grains, Grain Boundaries, and Surfaces
  20. Video: 5.19 Strengthening Mechanisms - Solute
  21. Video: 5.20 Strengthening Mechanisms - Dislocations
  22. Video: 5.21 Strengthening Mechanisms - Grain Size
  23. Video: 5.22 Strengthening Mechanisms - Volume (Precipitates)
  24. Video: 5.23 Summary
  25. Reading: Supplemental Materials for this Module

Graded: Quiz 5.1 (Lectures 5.1 - 5.8)
Graded: Quiz 5.2 (Lectures 5.9 -5.15)
Graded: Quiz 5.3 (Lectures 5.16 - 5.19)
Graded: Quiz 5.4 (Lectures 5.20 - 5.22)

WEEK 6


Noncrystalline and Semicrystalline Materials [Level of Difficulty: Medium || Student Effort: 2hrs 30mins]



In this module, we discuss materials that are not fully crystalline, such as polymers, rubbers, and glasses. You will learn how the absence of crystallinity affects the behavior of these materials and what factors affect their formation and properties. Lessons include discussions of the microstructure and defects in amorphous materials, partial cystallinity in polymers, and demonstrations of materials exhibiting ductile and brittle behavior at different temperatures.


24 videos, 3 readings, 3 practice quizzes expand


  1. Reading: Learning Outcomes
  2. Video: 6.1 Introduction
  3. Video: 6.2 Glass Transition Temperature
  4. Video: 6.3 The Kauzmann Paradox
  5. Video: 6.4 Viscosity
  6. Video: 6.4b Pitch Drop Website
  7. Video: 6.5 Viscosity Behavior of Oxide Glasses
  8. Video: 6.6 Defects in SiO2
  9. Video: 6.7 Structure of Oxide Glass
  10. Video: 6.8 Zachariasen's Rules
  11. Video: 6.9 Soda Lime Silicate
  12. Video: 6.10 Polymers and the Glass Transition Temperature
  13. Video: 6.11 Classification of Polymers
  14. Practice Quiz: Quiz 6.2 (Lectures 6.10 - 6.11)
  15. Video: 6.12 Nature of the Bond
  16. Video: 6.13 Molecular Weight Averages
  17. Video: 6.14 Chain Architecture
  18. Practice Quiz: Quiz 6.3 (Lectures 6.12 - 6.14)
  19. Video: 6.15 Semicrystalline Materials
  20. Video: 6.16 Factors Affecting Crystallinity in Polymers
  21. Video: 6.17 Coiling in Polymers
  22. Video: 6.18 Demonstration of Oxide Glass Crystallization
  23. Video: 6.19 Rubbery Behavior in Polymers
  24. Practice Quiz: Quiz 6.4 (Lectures 6.15 - 6.17)
  25. Video: 6.20 Amorphous Metals
  26. Video: 6.21 Methods of Producing Amorphous Metals
  27. Video: Racquetball Demonstration
  28. Video: 6.22 Summary
  29. Reading: Supplemental Materials for this Module
  30. Reading: Where to go from here
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