Water Supply and Sanitation Policy in Developing Countries Part 2: Developing Effective Interventions

About this course: Water Supply and Sanitation Policy in Developing Countries Part 2 is our second MOOC in a two-part sequence, and looks at ‘Developing Effective Interventions’. Here we invite you to develop analytical skills and deep understanding about a complex, controversial policy problem – one with no simple, easy answers. About half a billion people on our planet still lack access to improved water supplies and about two billion do not have improved sanitation services, leading to an unknown but very large number of avoidable deaths each year from water-related diseases. Millions of dollars are spent on avoidable health care expenditures, and people – mostly women – spend many billions of hours carrying water from sources outside the home. Reducing these costs is a major global challenge for us all in the 21st century. Join us to explore the challenging and complex political, economic, social, and technical dimensions of the policy interventions that donors, national governments and water utilities use to address this challenge. This second MOOC consists of the following seven sessions: • Session 1: Introduction and how our ‘ancient instincts’ affect water policy interventions. • Session 2: Planning better policy interventions: Roles, features and examples of planning protocols. • Session 3: Water pricing, tariff design and subsidies. • Session 4: Providing information to households and communities to improve water and sanitation conditions. • Session 5: Changing the institutions that deliver water and sanitation services: Privatization in developing countries. • Session 6: Changing institutions: Lessons from the UK water privatization story. • Session 7: Changing institutions: Improving regulation of the water and sanitation sector. Your instructors for this course have worked in and studied this sector for many years. Professor Dale Whittington has worked on water and sanitation policy and planning issues for over 40 years in more than two dozen low and middle-income countries. Dr Duncan Thomas has worked in the UK and European water sectors for 15 years, focusing on overcoming barriers to technological, organizational, regulatory and policy innovations. Please watch this introductory video outlining the course: https://youtu.be/KkBmo3EKkkI

Who is this class for: Water Supply and Sanitation Policy in Developing Countries Part 2 explores what is being done about the complex, controversial problem that half a billion people worldwide do not have improved water supplies and two billion do not have improved sanitation. Join us and develop your skills with our critical view on how to address this major 21st century global challenge. Note about Parts 1 and 2: If you have not taken our Part 1 water MOOC, you are still very welcome to start with this Part 2. However Part 2 uses a conceptual framework for policy analysis, and a detailed overview of existing water and sanitation conditions worldwide, that is presented in Part 1. You may therefore wish to take Part 1 before starting Part 2.

Created by:  University of Manchester

• Taught by:  Dr Duncan Thomas, Lecturer

  Alliance Manchester Business School

• Taught by:  Prof Dale Whittington, Professor

  Manchester Business School

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Syllabus


WEEK 1


Introduction and how our ‘ancient instincts’ affect water policy intervention



6 videos, 1 reading expand

1. Материал для самостоятельного изучения: Introduction and how our ‘ancient instincts’ affect water policy interventions
2. Video: Welcome to the course - Introduction
3. Video: Video 1-0 Introducing the role of ancient instincts
4. Video: Video 1-1 Ancient instincts 1: State and public rejection of water policy proposals
5. Вопрос для обсуждения: Introductions - please introduce yourself
6. Video: Video 1-2 Ancient instincts 2: Examples
7. Вопрос для обсуждения: How can ‘ancient instincts’ responses to water policy interventions be overcome?
8. Video: Video 1-3 Ancient instincts 3: Water-related
9. Вопрос для обсуждения: Are any water-related ‘ancient instincts’ still useful?
10. Video: Video 1-4 Ancient instincts 4: Water policy-related

WEEK 2


Planning better policy interventions: Roles, features and examples of planning protocols



6 videos, 1 reading expand

1. Материал для самостоятельного изучения: Planning better policy interventions: Roles, features and examples of planning protocols
2. Video: Video 2-0 Does better planning result in better outcomes? An example from Bolivia
3. Video: Video 2-1 Four types of planning protocols commonly used around the world
4. Вопрос для обсуждения: Which of the four planning protocols would you use for water projects?
5. Video: Video 2-2 Demand-driven planning: Designing for community preferences and affordability
6. Вопрос для обсуждения: Do the drawbacks of participatory approaches outweigh their benefits?
7. Video: Video 2-3 Do demand-driven planning protocols work? Evidence from Bolivia, Ghana and Peru
8. Вопрос для обсуждения: What would you change?
9. Video: Video 2-4 When do participatory, demand-driven approaches work best? Evidence from a World Bank study
10. Вопрос для обсуждения: Is long-term commitment to participation possible?
11. Video: Video 2-5 Conversation between Arif Hasan and Diana Mitlin on participation

WEEK 3


Roles, features and problems of water pricing, tariff design and subsidies



9 videos, 1 reading expand

1. Материал для самостоятельного изучения: Roles, features and problems of water pricing, tariff design and subsidies
2. Video: Video 3-0 Introducing municipal water pricing and tariff design
3. Video: Video 3-1 What are the objectives of tariff design?
4. Вопрос для обсуждения: Designing Tariffs
5. Video: Video 3-2 Possible types of tariff structures
6. Вопрос для обсуждения: Raising prices for water services as part of a sector reform agenda.
7. Video: Video 3-3 Current tariff structures in low and middle-income countries
8. Вопрос для обсуждения: How can we change the culture around increasing block tariffs (IBTs)?
9. Video: Video 3-4 Problems with increasing block tariffs (IBTs)
10. Video: Video 3-5 Designing and targeting subsidies in the water and sanitation sector in LDCs
11. Video: Video 3-6 Distribution of subsidies in Chile and Colombia
12. Video: Video 3-7 Evidence on subsidy schemes in Chile and Colombia
13. Video: Video 3-8 Designing improved water subsidy schemes

WEEK 4


Providing information to households and communities to improve water and sanitation conditions



9 videos, 1 reading expand

1. Материал для самостоятельного изучения: Providing information to households and communities to improve water and sanitation conditions
2. Video: Video 4-0 Introduction to information treatments as a policy intervention
3. Video: Video 4-1 Information treatment Case 1: In-house water quality testing
4. Вопрос для обсуждения: Which of the information treatment approaches do you believe is best?
5. Video: Video 4-2 Information treatment Case 2: Information provision via water bills and evidence from OWASA, Chapel Hill, USA
6. Вопрос для обсуждения: Could the information included on the water utility bills you receive be improved?
7. Video: Video 4-3 Information treatment Case 3: Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)
8. Вопрос для обсуждения: Are you for or against the UN Declaration on the Human Right to Water?
9. Video: Video 4-4 Information treatment Case 3: Evidence from CLTS in Mali, West Africa
10. Video: Video 4-5 Information treatment Case 4: Information provision via water bills in Jerico, Colombia
11. Video: Video 4-6 Information treatment Case 4: UN Declaration on the Human Right to Water
12. Video: Video 4-7 Conversation with Barbara Evans on CLTS
13. Video: Video 4-8 Conservation with Kamal Kar on CLTS (in 7 parts)

WEEK 5


Changing the institutions that deliver water and sanitation services: Privatization in lesser developing countries



8 videos, 1 reading expand

1. Материал для самостоятельного изучения: Changing the institutions that deliver water and sanitation services: Privatization in lesser developing countries
2. Video: Video 5-0 Introduction to public private partnerships (PPP)
3. Video: Video 5-1 The seven main types of PPP deal structures
4. Вопрос для обсуждения: Do you think there is a ‘best’ PPP ‘deal structure’?
5. Video: Video 5-2 Some challenges of PPPs from the private operator’s perspective
6. Вопрос для обсуждения: What are your views generally on water privatization?
7. Video: Video 5-3 Do PPPs improve performance? Evidence from a World Bank study
8. Video: Video 5-4 Comparative experiences with PPPs in the water and sanitation sector: China versus India
9. Video: Video 5-5 Conversation with Wu Xun on privatization in China and India
10. Video: Video 5-6 Conversation with Leong Ching on the devil’s shift in water privatization in Jakarta, Indonesia
11. Video: Video 5-7 Conversation with Eduardo Araral on water privatization in Manila, Republic of the Philippines

WEEK 6


Changing institutions: Lessons from the UK water privatization story



7 videos, 1 reading expand

1. Материал для самостоятельного изучения: Changing institutions: Lessons from the UK water privatization story
2. Video: Video 6-0 The significance of institutional change in the UK water sector: Privatization and regulation
3. Video: Video 6-1 The historical setting and promises of the UK privatization programme
4. Вопрос для обсуждения: Would customers have been better off if the England and Wales water utility sector had remained in public ownership?
5. Video: Video 6-2 Why full divestiture for the England and Wales water industry? Four prerequisites
6. Вопрос для обсуждения: Do you think taxpayers received a fair price for the England and Wales water industry in the initial offering?
7. Video: Video 6-3 Determining a sale price for the England and Wales water industry
8. Вопрос для обсуждения: Can you think of a better way that the initial public offering could have be designed?
9. Video: Video 6-4 Some outcomes of UK water privatization, part 1: Good news
10. Video: Video 6-5 Some outcomes of UK water privatization, part 2: Bad news
11. Video: Video 6-6 Some outcomes of UK water privatization, part 3: Unclear future?

WEEK 7


Changing institutions: Improving regulation of the water and sanitation sector



18 videos, 3 readings expand

1. Материал для самостоятельного изучения: Session 7: Changing institutions: Improving regulation of the water and sanitation sector
2. Video: Video 7-0 Regulation of the water utilities in LDCs
3. Video: Video 7-1 UK water regulation 1: The original vision
4. Вопрос для обсуждения: What can be learned from the UK water regulation experience to use in other countries around the world?
5. Video: Video 7-2 UK water regulation 2: Evolution in practice, 1989 to 2016
6. Вопрос для обсуждения: What factors contributed to the success of the Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority’s reforms?
7. Video: Video 7-3 UK water regulation 3: Innovation and future challenges
8. Вопрос для обсуждения: The Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority
9. Video: Video 7-4 Conservation with Stephen Littlechild on inventing the UK regulatory model
10. Вопрос для обсуждения: The physical conditions in Phnom Penh
11. Video: Video 7-5 Conservation with Regina Finn on reforming UK water regulation
12. Вопрос для обсуждения: Political economy factors in Phnom Penh
13. Video: Video 7-6 The case of Phnom Penh, Cambodia
14. Вопрос для обсуждения: Why do you think the Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority was partially privatized?
15. Video: Video 7-7 Part 2 MOOC Overall Wrap-up
16. Материал для самостоятельного изучения: Video interview with Professor Tony Allan
17. Video: Part 1: Definitions and terminology: ‘Virtual water’, publishing it and its critiques; blue, green, big and small water; problem-sheds and watersheds; valuing labour, land and water
18. Video: Part 2: Global ‘virtual water’ solutions for agricultural ‘big water’ and local solutions for urban ‘small water’
19. Video: Part 3: Politics, risks and communities around water and food security: Water, environmental and financial accountants; food producers, markets and consumers
20. Video: Part 4: Global trends in water and food: Food security, population, virtual water trade, international relations and peace
21. Материал для самостоятельного изучения: Addendum to video narrative
22. Video: Part 5: New technologies and approaches for global challenges around water scarcity: Urban water recycling and desalination in Israel
23. Video: Part 6: Ancient instincts, entitlement to water, privatisation, and remaining unaware of ‘big water’ in food
24. Video: Part 7: ‘Virtual water’ as an inter-disciplinary innovation for water policy and water politics
25. Video: Part 8: Water metrics for ‘virtual water’: Origins, uptake and impact of water footprinting
26. Video: Part 9: Professor Allan’s university working conditions when ‘virtual water’ was invented and adopted
27. Video: Part 10: Professor Allan’s advice for students to become creative, courageous, well-read and effective water policy researchers

Graded: A proposal of a two-part information strategy to reform water tariffs in Egypt